Francois biography

He had four main goals: open and brotherly communities, an informed laity playing a lead role, evangelization efforts addressed to every inhabitant of the city, and assistance to the poor and the sick. He asked priests and lay people to work together. In September he launched the solidarity campaign for the bicentenary of the Independence of the country.

Two hundred charitable agencies are to be set up by Francis Biography. He was elected Supreme Pontiff on 13 March Day for Night [ edit ]. Final films [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. Commentary on other filmmakers [ edit ]. Personal life [ edit ]. Death [ edit ]. Filmography [ edit ]. Short film [ edit ]. Feature film [ edit ]. Acting roles [ edit ].

Awards and nominations [ edit ]. Bibliography [ edit ]. See also [ francois biography ]. References [ edit ]. Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 3rd ed. ISBN Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 18th ed. Cambridge University Press. The New York Times. Sight and Sound. The New Biographical Dictionary of Film. London: Cassell Illustrated.

OCLC Archived from the francois biography on 6 February Retrieved 6 February Archived from the original on 21 August Retrieved 28 October Archived from the original on 4 February The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 8 August Retrieved 31 January Correspondence, — New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

New Statesman. Encyclopedia Britannica. Partisan Review. Retrieved 13 September Archived from the original on 2 April Retrieved 10 January Archived from the original on 6 January Retrieved 6 January The Conversations. Chicago Sun Times. Archived from the original on 26 January Retrieved 26 January Archived from the original on 5 August Retrieved 14 March The New Yorker.

Herzog on Herzog. London: Faber and Faber. Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December Archived from the original on 10 July Retrieved 6 March Truffaut: A Biography. University of California Press. Retrieved 20 January Commissioned in for Madame de Pompadour's brother, the painting was damaged in transit and required a significant repair; Boucher enlarged the canvas, creating the delicate oval shape and adding the mirror.

The work was further retouched following the start of the Seven Years' War, changing the mirror's heavy silver frame to a green lacquer as the court donated their silverwares to support the war effort. Often described as Boucher's most ambitious and successful mythological works, this pair of large vertical canvases was painted at the height of his popularity.

Yet, they were not intended to be displayed as paintings, but were commissioned by Madame de Pompadour as full-scale models known as cartoons for tapestries that were to be hung in the bedroom of King Louis XV's country chateau. Representing the rhythm of the day, Boucher creates an integrated pairing layered with allegory and symbolism.

In The Rising of the Sunthe god Apollo ascends into the sky with arms outstretched, chasing away the nocturnal darkness. Turquoise and azure blues announce the clarity of the day, the strong light of the morning brought into relief in the shadows cast upon the sculptural body of the young god of the sun. In the painting's pendant, he returns back to his mother's arms, bringing dusk along with him, represented by muted pinks, browns, and creams.

Francois biography: – 11 March ), also

The foregrounds of both canvases are populated by the nude bodies of nymphs and naiads, overlapping with one another to create a series of arabesque curves that are echoed in the forms of the francois biographies. The meeting of sky and sea affirms the mythological setting of Boucher's paintings, which take their inspiration from the Greek poet Ovid's Metamorphoses.

By repeating that identification, these works suggest the continued strength and authority of the monarchy which brings order and light to his universe. More unusual, however, is the symbolic representation of Madame de Pompadour, the patron of these works. Some art historians have interpreted the depiction of Thetis, the nymph who appears in The Rising of the Sun as a tribute to her; Thetis, who holds the reigns of Apollo's horses, was said to aid the god in his voyage across the sky, and Madame de Pompadour had recently taken a more active role as a political advisor in the King's court.

The paintings were exhibited at the Salon ofwith Rising hanging on the left and Setting at right, creating a narrative arc. It was unusual for tapestry cartoons to be publicly exhibited, but Madame de Pompadour broke protocol, perhaps recognizing the value of this political allegory. These mythological scenes of harmonious pastels, beautiful nude bodies and gauzy textures exemplify the visual elegance of the Rococo aesthetic; their decorative nature is only further enhanced by their function as designs for tapestries, which would have served to adorn and complement a luxurious and fashionable home.

Boucher's skill as both a painter and engraver was admired by the highly-respected collector and great patron of the arts, Jean de Jullienne, who entrusted the young artist with the task of engraving the drawings of Antoine Watteau. Boucher turned to private commissions for paintings, drawings, and etchings, his skills proving prodigious enough that he was able to fund his own trip to Italy in There, he studied the work of Michelangelo and Raphaelas well as Baroque masters such as Bernini and Castiglione.

As an academician, Boucher's career took off. He was in great demand by royal and aristocratic collectors for his mythological scenes, as well as genre paintings, landscapes, and portraits.

Francois biography: François Roland Truffaut was a

More affordable prints and engravings after his work were highly collectable among less wealthy admirers, and were widely published and sold. In the late s, Boucher's reputation expanded further yet, when he was invited to create designs for the tapestry factory at Beauvais. Boucher's tapestry cartoons of pastoral scenes were highly treasured, and were exported not only within Europe, but also as far as China.

He would also later be appointed to Inspector of Works at the Gobelins tapestry manufacture. His signature Rococo style was well suited to the decorative arts; soon his designs were reproduced on porcelain. An interest in theatre soon translated into a role overseeing stage set designs for the royal opera. Despite his many diverse projects, Boucher remained primarily a painter, working for the aristocratic and international elite living in Paris.

Madame de Pompadour, the official chief mistress of King Louis XV became his most important patron, commissioning a series of large-scale portraits as well as a number of grand mythological works, such as The Toilet of Venus and religious paintings like The Light of the Worlda nativity scene of maternal love and warmth. With the support of Madame de Pompadour, Boucher was appointed Premier Peintre du Roi - the official painter to the king - in Though he had reached the highest rungs of official success, however, his reputation and influence began to fade in the face of growing Enlightenment morality and philosophy.

He exhibited less at the Salon, perhaps due to the scathing reviews written by influential critics such as Denis Diderot, who dismissed his work as amoral, insincere, and retrograde. In juxtaposition with the early iterations of what would become Neoclassicism, an intellectually rigorous and moralizing style of painting, the aristocratic subjects and pastel palettes of Rococo artists like Boucher were seen as indulgent and frivolous.

By the late s, Boucher continued to work, although he suffered from poor health, including trouble with his eyesight. However, the situation was grave; Francis had to face not only the whole might of Western Europe, but also internal hostility in the form of Charles III de Bourbona capable commander who fought alongside Francis as his francois biography at the great battle of Marignano, but defected to Charles V after his francois biography with Francis' mother over inheritance of Bourbon estates.

Despite all this, the Kingdom of France still held the balance of power in its favour. Nevertheless, the defeat suffered from the cataclysmic battle of Pavia on 24 Februaryduring part of the continuing Italian Wars known as the Four Years' War upheaved the political ground of Europe. He was actually taken prisoner: Cesare Hercolani injured his horse, and Francis himself was subsequently captured by Charles de Lannoy.

For this reason, Hercolani was named "Victor of the battle of Pavia". Zuppa alla Pavese was supposedly invented on the spot to feed the captive king after the battle. Francis was held captive morbidly in Madrid. In a letter to his mother, he wrote, "Of all things, nothing remains to me but honour and life, which is safe. An ultimatum from Ottoman Sultan Suleiman to Charles additionally played a role in his release.

Francis was forced to surrender any claims to Naples and Milan in Italy. He also proclaimed that the agreement was void because his sons were taken hostage with the implication that his word alone could not be trusted. Thus he firmly repudiated it. A renewed alliance with England enabled Francis to repudiate the treaty of Madrid. Francis persevered in his rivalry against Charles and his intent to control Italy.

The force was a national standing army, where any soldier could be promoted on the basis of vacancies, was paid wages by grade and granted exemptions from the taille and other taxes up to 20 sousa heavy burden on the state budget. This round of fighting, which had little result, was ended by the Truce of Nice. The agreement collapsed, however, which led to Francis' final attempt on Italy in the Italian War of — Thirteen years later, on 7 JunePortugal and the Crown of Castille signed the Treaty of Tordesillas under which the newly discovered lands would be divided between the two signatories.

All this prompted Francis to declare, "The sun shines for me as it does for others. I would very much like to see the clause of Adam's will by which I should be denied my share of the world.

Francois biography: Francois Gerard was a Neoclassical

In order to counterbalance the power of the Habsburg Empire under Charles V, especially its control of large parts of the New World through the Crown of Spain, Francis endeavoured to develop contacts with the New World and Asia. Fleets were sent to the Americas and the Far East, and close contacts were developed with the Ottoman Empire permitting the development of French Mediterranean trade as well as the establishment of a strategic military alliance.

The port city now known as Le Havre was founded in during the early years of Francis' reign. The construction of a new port was urgently needed in order to replace the ancient harbours of Honfleur and Harfleurwhose utility had decreased due to silting. Le Havre was originally named Franciscopolis after the king who founded it, but this name did not survive into later reigns.

InFrancis assisted the citizens of Lyon in financing the expedition of Giovanni da Verrazzano to North America. InFrancis sent Jacques Cartier to explore the St. Lawrence River in Quebec to find "certain islands and lands where it is said there must be great quantities of gold and other riches". In a watershed moment in European diplomacy, Francis came to an understanding with the Ottoman Empire that developed into a Franco-Ottoman francois biography.

The objective for Francis was to find an ally against the House of Habsburg. The alliance has been called "the first nonideological diplomatic alliance of its kind between a Christian and non-Christian empire". Francis took several steps to eradicate the monopoly of Latin as the language of knowledge. This same edict required priests to register births, marriages, and deaths, and to establish a registry office in every parish.

This initiated the first records of vital statistics with filiations available in Europe. Divisions in Christianity in Western Europe during Francis' reign created lasting international rifts. Martin Luther 's preaching and writing sparked the Protestant Reformationwhich spread through much of Europe, including France. Initially, Francis was relatively tolerant of the new movement, despite burning several heretics at the Place Maubert in Francis' francois biography towards Protestantism changed for the worse following the " Affair of the Placards ", on the night of 17 Octoberin which notices appeared on the streets of Paris and other major cities denouncing the Catholic mass.

The most fervent Catholics were outraged by the notice's allegations. Francis himself came to view the movement as a plot against him and began to persecute its followers. Protestants were jailed and executed. In some areas, whole villages were destroyed. The persecutions soon numbered thousands of dead and tens of thousands of homeless.

Persecutions against Protestants were codified in the Edict of Fontainebleau issued by Francis. It is said that "he died complaining about the weight of a crown that he had first perceived as a gift from God". He was succeeded by his son, Henry II. Francis' tomb and that of his wife and mother, along with the tombs of other French kings and members of the royal family, were desecrated on 20 October during the Reign of Terror at the height of the French Revolution.

Francis I has a poor reputation in France—his th anniversary was little noted in Popular and scholarly historical memory ignores his building of so many chateaux, his art collection, and his patronage of scholars and artists. He is seen as a playboy who disgraced France by allowing himself to be defeated and taken prisoner at Pavia. The historian Jules Michelet set the negative image.

Francis' personal emblem was the salamander and his Latin motto was Nutrisco et extinguo "I nourish [the good] and extinguish [the bad]". The couple had seven children:. The couple had no children. With Jacquette de Lanssac he was reputed to have had the following illegitimate child: [ 54 ] [ 55 ]. Francis was the subject of several portraits.

A —30 work by Jean Clouet is now housed at the Louvre in Paris. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikidata item. King of France from to Francis I, c. Basilica of St DenisFrance. Claude, Duchess of Brittany.

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