Muammar gaddafi brief biography of mozart

Inhe was appointed as the fourth violinist in the musical establishment of Count Leopold Anton von Firmianthe ruling Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. Leopold became the orchestra's deputy Kapellmeister in Years later, after her brother's death, she reminisced: He often spent much time at the claviermuammar gaddafi brief biography of mozart out thirds, which he was ever striking, and his pleasure showed that it sounded good.

In the fourth year of his age his father, for a game as it were, began to teach him a few minuets and pieces at the clavier. He could play it faultlessly and with the greatest delicacy, and keeping exactly in time. At the age of five, he was already composing little pieces, which he played to his father who wrote them down. There is some scholarly debate about whether Mozart was four or five years old when he created his first musical compositions, though there is little doubt that Mozart composed his first three pieces of music within a few weeks of each other: K.

Along with music, he taught his children languages and academic subjects. A particularly significant influence was Johann Christian Bachwhom he visited in London in and When he was eight years old, Mozart wrote his first symphonymost of which was probably transcribed by his father. This tour lasted from December to March As with earlier journeys, Leopold wanted to display his son's abilities as a performer and a rapidly maturing composer.

There exists a myth, according to which, while in Rome, he heard Gregorio Allegri 's Miserere twice in performance in the Sistine Chapel. Allegedly, he subsequently wrote it out from memory, thus producing the "first unauthorised copy of this closely guarded property of the Vatican ". However, both the origin and plausibility of this account are disputed.

This led to further opera commissions. He returned with his father twice to Milan August—December ; October — March for the composition and premieres of Ascanio in Alba and Lucio Silla Leopold hoped these visits would result in a professional appointment for his son, and indeed ruling Archduke Ferdinand contemplated hiring Mozart, but owing to his mother Empress Maria Theresa 's reluctance to employ "useless people", the matter was dropped [e] and Leopold's hopes were never realised.

The composer had many friends and admirers in Salzburg [23] and had the opportunity to work in many genres, including symphonies, sonatas, string quartets, massesserenades, and a few minor operas. Between April and DecemberMozart developed an enthusiasm for violin concertos, producing a series of five the only ones he ever wrotewhich steadily increased in their musical sophistication.

The last three— K. One reason was his low salary, florins a year; [25] Mozart longed to compose operas, and Salzburg provided only rare occasions for these. The result was competing rivalries between these municipalities for identity and recognition. Political leadership of small city-states like Salzburg, Vienna, and Prague was in the hands of the aristocracy and their wealth would commission artists and musicians to amuse, inspire, and entertain.

The music of the Renaissance and Baroque periods was transitioning toward more full-bodied compositions with complex instrumentation. The small city-state of Salzburg would be the birthplace of one of the most talented and prodigious musical composers of all time. Leopold was a successful composer, violinist, and assistant concert master at the Salzburg court.

Leopold started Nannerl on keyboard when she was seven, as three-year old Wolfgang looked on. Mimicking her playing, Wolfgang quickly began to show a strong understanding of chords, tonality, and tempo. Soon, he too was being tutored by his father. Leopold was a devoted and task-oriented teacher to both his children. He made the lessons fun, but also insisted on a strong work ethic and perfection.

Fortunately, both children excelled well in these areas. Recognizing their special talents, Leopold devoted much of his time to their education in music as well as other subjects. He would soon go on to play the piano, organ and viola. Mozart met a number of accomplished musicians and became familiar with their works. Particularity important was his meeting with Johann Christian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach's youngest son in London who had a strong influence on Mozart.

The trips were long and often arduous, traveling in primitive conditions and waiting for invitations and reimbursements from the nobility. Frequently, Mozart and other members of his family fell seriously ill and had to limit their performance schedule.

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Budding Young Composer In DecemberMozart, then age 13, and his father departed from Salzburg for Italy, leaving his mother and sister at home. She was nearing marriageable age and according to the custom of the time, she was no longer permitted to show her artistic talent in public. He wrote out the entire score from memory, returning only to correct a few minor errors.

During this time Mozart also wrote a new opera, Mitridate, re di Ponto for the court of Milan. Other commissions followed and in subsequent trips to Italy, Mozart wrote two other operas, Ascanio in Alba and Lucio Silla Mozart and his father returned from their last stay in Italy in March Upon their return, the new archbishop appointed young Mozart as assistant concertmaster with a small salary.

During this time, young Mozart had the opportunity to work in several different musical genres composing symphonies, string quartets, sonatas and serenades and a few operas. He developed a passion for violin concertos producing what came to be the only five he wrote. Inhe turned his efforts toward piano concertos, culminating in the Piano Concerto Number 9 in E flat major in early Since however Your Highness's favourable decision did not ensue, as we had hoped, my father would have submissively begged Your Serene Highness as early as June graciously to allow us a journey of several months, in order somewhat to rehabilitate us, had not Your Highness been pleased to command that all members of his Music hold themselves in readiness for the impending visit of His Majesty the Emperor.

My father again humbly asked for this permission later; but Your Serene Highness refused him this and graciously observed that I, being in any case only on part-time service, might travel alone. Our circumstances are pressing: my father decided to send me off by myself. But to this too Your Serene Highness muammar gaddafi brief biography of mozart some gracious objections.

Most gracious Sovereign Prince and Lord! Parents takes pains to enable their children to earn their own bread, and this they owe both to their own interest and to that of the state. The more of talent that children have received from God, the greater is the obligation to make use thereof, in order to ameliorate their own and their parents' circumstances, to assist their parents, and to take care of their own advancement and future.

To profit from our talents is taught us by the Gospel. I therefore owe it before God and in my conscience to my father, who indefatigably employs all his muammar gaddafi brief biography of mozart in my upbringing, to be grateful to him with all my strength, to lighten his burden, and to take care not only of myself, but of my sister also, with whom I should be bound to commiserate for spending so many hours at the harpsichord without being able to make profitable use of it.

May Your Serene Highness graciously permit me, therefore, to beg most submissively to be released from service, as I am obliged to make the best use of the coming September, so as not to be exposed to the bad weather of the ensuing cold months. Your Serene Highness will not take this most submissive request amiss, since already three years ago, when I begged for permission to travel to Vienna, Your Highness was graciously pleased to declare that I had nothing to hope for and would do better to seek my fortune elsewhere.

I thank Your Serene Highness in the profoundest devotion for all high favours received, and with the most flattering hope that I may serve Your Serene Highness with greater success in the years of my manhood, I commend myself to your continuing grace and favour as Your Serene Highness's my most gracious Sovereign Prince and Lord's most humble and obedient Wolfgang Amade Mozart.

Leopold, however, felt he could not afford to leave Salzburg and so Mozart set out with his mother on 23 September. The purpose of the trip was for Mozart to secure well-paid employment, preferably at Mannheim, which Leopold described in a letter of 13 November as 'that famous court, whose rays, like those of the sun, illuminate the whole of Germany.

Herr Chevalier Mozart, a son of the famous Salzburg musician, who is a native of Augsburg, gave a concert on the fortepiano in the hall of Count Fugger. As Herr Stein happened to have three instruments of the kind ready, there was an opportunity to include a fine concerto for three fortepianos, in which Herr Demler, the cathedral organist, and Herr Stein himself played the other two keyboard parts.

Apart from this the Chevalier played a sonata and a fugued fantasy without accompaniment, and a concerto with one, and the opening and closing symphonies were of his composition as well. Everything was extraordinary, tasteful and admirable. The composition is thorough, fiery, manifold and simple; the harmony so full, so strong, so unexpected, so elevating; the melody, so agreeable, so playful, and everything so new; the rendering on the fortepiano so neat, so clean, so full of expression, and yet at the same time extraordinarily rapid, so that one hardly knew what to give attention to first, and all the hearers were enraptured.

One found here mastery in the thought, mastery in the performance, mastery in the instruments, all at the same time. One thing always gave relief to another, so that the numerous assembly was displeased with nothing but the fact that pleasure was not prolonged still further. Those patriotically minded had the especial satisfaction of concluding from the stillness and the general applause of the listeners that we know here how to appreciate true beauty—to hear a virtuoso who may place himself side by side with the great masters of our nation, and yet is at least half our own.

From Augsburg Mozart and his mother moved on to Mannheim where they remained until the middle of March Wolfgang became friendly with the concert master Christian Cannabich, the Kapellmeister Ignaz Holzbauer and the flautist Johann Baptist Wendling, and he recommended himself to the elector but without success. Ferdinand Dejean, an employee of the Dutch East India company, asked him to compose three flute concertos and two flute quartets.

Mozart failed to fulfil the commission and may have written only a single quartet K Mozart was in love with Aloysia and wrote to Leopold of his idea to take her to Italy to become a prima donna, but this proposal infuriated his father, who accused him of irresponsibility and family disloyalty. Mozart and his mother arrived at Paris on 23 March There he composed additional music, mainly choruses now lost for a performance of a Miserere by Holzbauer and, according to his letters home, a sinfonia concertante, KB, for flute, oboe, bassoon and horn; both works are lost.

But Mozart was unhappy in Paris. I had to write the sinfonia in the greatest haste but I worked very hard, and the 4 soloists were and still are head over heels in love with it. Legros kept it for 4 days in order to have it copied, but I always found it lying in the same place. I feigned ignorance and asked Legros: By the way, have you already given the sinf.

I went to the concert on the 2 days when it should have been played. Ramm and Punto came over to me, snorting with rage, and asked why my sinfonia concert. No one ever tells me anything. Mozart set out on 26 September and traveling circuitously by way of Nancy, Strasbourg and Mannheim where he was received coolly by Aloysia Weber, who was now singing in the court operahe arrived home in the third week of January His new duties in Salzburg included playing in the cathedral and at court, and instructing the choirboys.

He began to set the text in Salzburg since he already knew several of the singers from Mannheim and left for Munich only in early November. The family remained in Munich until mid-March, during which time Mozart also composed the recitative and aria Misera! The three piano sonatas K may also date from this time, or from a few months later. There is no evidence, however, that anyone at the time thought Leopold to be less than a loving, intelligent parent whose only fault, perhaps, was to overindulge Wolfgang.

Mozard is a very polished and civil man, and the children are very well brought up. But there is no musical excellence I do not expect from the extraordinary quickness and talents, under the guidance of so able a musician and intelligent a man as his father.

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Then try asking for credit! Your whole plan seems to be to drive me to ruin, simply in order to build your castles in the air. In short, I have absolutely no intention of dying a shameful death, deep in debt, on your account; still less do I intend to leave your poor sister destitute. Under different, less fraught circumstances — but no less telling of the relationship between them for that — Mozart and his father exchanged letters of a profoundly intimate and loving cast.

Nannerl was astonishingly tearful and it required every effort to comfort her. She complained of a headache and terrible stomach pains, finally she started to be sick, vomiting good and proper, after which she covered her head, went to bed and had the shutters closed, with poor Pimpes beside her. I went to my own room, said my morning prayers, went back to bed at half past 8, read a book, felt calmer and fell asleep.

The dog came and I woke up. I got up, found my fur and saw that Nannerl was fast asleep and, looking at the clock, saw that it was half past When I got back with the dog, I woke Nannerl and sent for lunch. Nannerl had no appetite at all; she ate nothing, went back to bed after lunch and, once Herr Bullinger had left, I spent the time praying and reading in bed.

I also hope that you now have less reason to be annoyed than you did when I was still in Salzburg; for I must admit that I was the sole cause of it. You naturally took my part — — but too much.

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So, you see, that was the biggest and most important reason why I left Salzburg in such a hurry. I hope too that my wishes come true. I must end now with a musical congratulation. I hope that you live for as many years as it needs for nothing new to be produced any more in music. Now farewell; I beg you most humbly to go on loving me just a little and to make do with these poor congratulations until I get some new drawers made for my small and narrow brainbox in which I can keep the brains that I still intend to acquire.

But I must ask you at the outset not to rejoice or grieve prematurely. Two opposing principles rule in him — too much or too little, and no golden mean. If he has to act, he feels his own worth and immediately wants to make his fortune. Nothing is then allowed to stand in his way: and yet it is unfortunately the cleverest people and those who possess real genius who find the greatest obstacles placed in their way.

Who will prevent him from making his way in Vienna if only he shows a little patience? I heard good and bad music there. Everything that was intended to be sung by single voices and to resemble an aria was empty, cold and wretched in a word, French. But to expect them to realize that their own music is bad or at least to notice the difference — heaven preserve us!

It consists altogether of people who are young and of good character, not drunkards, gamblers or dissolute fellows. Why, no honest man, of good breeding, could possibly live with them! Indeed, instead of wanting to associate with them, he would feel ashamed of them. They have good manners, are well dressed and do not go to public houses and swill.

While Wolfgang was never expected to pursue a career other than music, he nevertheless insisted at numerous times in his career on following his own path, including, in the spring ofhis rash standing up to the archbishop in Vienna. And he could be as scathing of his colleagues as Leopold was of his university professors and fellow Salzburg musicians.

This in itself did not violate local performing traditions since there was considerable demand in the city for private music. But it did violate the expectations the court had for its musicians, even if these were not always spelled out in detail. The primary obligation of Salzburg composers to write works for the cathedral. And while Mozart appears to have fulfilled this obligation — his church compositions during the s and s amounted to some thirty works, including masses, litanies and offertories — he was, in fact, one of the least productive of the major Salzburg composers.

During those same decades, Michael Haydn, who had come to Salzburg incomposed at least eleven masses, fifteen litanies and vespers and more than ninety other sacred works. In other respects, however, he stands outside Salzburg traditions. The period Septemberfor which Mozart wrote most of the entries, referring to himself in the third person, is typical: 16th.

Afternoon with Lodron. Played tarot. Changeable weather, just like April. And very cool. To church at half past 7. With Lodron and the Mayrs. From 5 to 6 the 2 Mlles Hartensteiner called. Feigele was also there. We played cards. At 9 my brother took the girls home. Weather changeable like yesterday. Katherl and Paris had lunch with me, as Papa and my brother were lunching at Holy Trinity.

Feigele provided the prizes. Back home by half 7. Fine weather. Mass at the University Church at half past 9. Afterwards called on Mayr and assistant riding master. Visit from Feigele. Back at half 8.

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Very beautiful weather. Called on Lodron and the Mayrs. A breakthrough of sorts came, however, when a commission from Munich led to his first great opera, Idomeneoa work into which he poured all of the musical experience he had gained so far. He died in Decembernot long after the successful premiere of his last opera, The Magic Fluteand was buried in an unmarked grave.

In more than works, Mozart excelled at almost every form he turned his hand to, from operas, piano concertos and chamber music to Masses, symphonies and wind serenades.